Oli Analysis for Disney Into China Essay Example for Free

Oli Analysis for Disney Into China Essay Under the  Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the signatory states are required to provide copyright protection for a minimum term of the life of the author plus fifty years, but they are permitted to provide for a longer term of protection. (The  United States  did not become a Berne signatory until 1988, but had previously provided for the minimum copyright term the convention required in the  Copyright Act of 1976. ) The Walt Disney Company created numerous classical animation images which all enjoy copyrights. In other words, Ownership advantage relating to the possession and exploitation of monopoly power,which undoubtedly created an entry barrier. B)resourceamp;capability Pixar Animation Studiosa subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, is an American  computer animation  film studio  based in California. The studio is best known for its  CGI(Computer Graphics Interface)-animated feature films. Pixar has produced  thirteen feature films, beginning with  Toy Story  (1995). It was followed by  A Bugs Life  (1998),  Toy Story 2(1999),  Monsters. Inc. 2001),  FindingNemo  (2003),  The Incredibles  (2004),  Cars(2006),  Ratatouille  (2007),  WALL-E(2008),  Up  (2009),  Toy Story 3  (2010),  Cars 2  (2011), and  Brave (2012). Twelve of the films have received both critical and financial success. The sudio has earned 27  Academy Award,seven  Golden Globe Awards, and eleven  Grammy Awards,among many  other awards and acknowledgments. In o ther words,ownership advantage relating to the possession of scarce,unique and sustainable resources and capabilities, which helped Disney to attain market power and cost advantage. One of the major risks of joint ventures is the probability of a partner stealing the other’s capabilities in order to later compete on its own. Nonetheless, Disney’s resources and capabilities are so rare and inimitable that this risk should not be reason enough for considering other options. In other words, technology risk is almost non-existent for Disney, since other companies might copy the rides, but they will never be able to copy the Disney experience, which is attributed to its resource;amp; capability. 2,The human resource is another key ownership advantage of Disney. ecruiting the right and instilling in them Disney culture an essential part of building a unified workforce. â€Å"we hire for attitude, not aptitude. † Disney recruits, selects, and trains everyone who works with the company in the same way—whether cast members or third-party employees. Disney uses its unique corporate culture to unite all workers in a common goal: to help the gues t. Competencies of managers Disney cast members aren’t just hired for a job; they play a role in the â€Å"show. † Every aspect of the casting (hiring) process is a presentation of the Disney culture. In essence, Disney begins the training process even before a new cast member is hired. For example,the whimsy of the casting building is designed to ease the minds of anxious applicants, while communicating the rich Disney heritage. Early in the process, candidates can view a film depicting what it is like to work at Disney. The film also communicates conditions of employment. After viewing it, a small percentage of candidates self-select out of the process. This is a good thing, since those candidates might not be â€Å"right fit† for the culture—and Disney might not be right-fit for them. This process not only saves time and money, but it leaves the applicants feeling good about themselves and Disney company. During the interview process, casting professionals will base the hiring decision on work experience, personality and educational background. By the time they go through their interview, candidates will have a basic picture of the Disney’s culture and expectations. Disney shows their employees how their efforts affect the overall resident experience—even if they don’t interact with residents directly. When the staff sees the big picture, they also see how vital their roles are in the business. Teaching employees how they fit into Disney’s overall operation and demonstrating how their role contributes to Disney facility’s overarching goal breeds unity and solidifies the corporate culture. At Walt Disney World ® Resort alone, there are over 2,000 job classifications, but everyone understands the goal and operates on the same page. Disney trains every cast member in the same way, no matter what job, and goes to great lengths to ensure that cast members understand the company’s heritage and purpose. This helps them feel connected to the company, and to their jobs. Disney has a Center for Excellence which is geared to help cast members succeed in their role of delivering exceptional quality service. In addition, Centers for Excellence serve as local learning sites that offer a variety of technical, job skill, and interpersonal training courses which cast members can take online free of charge. The end result is a team of cast members that is equally skilled and guest-focused. Training is reinforced through ongoing efforts, such as mentoring, continuing education, and leadership training, contributing greatly to a culture of excellence. Location advantage As global as possible,as local as necessary. First,In the case of Disney, it is a horizontal FDI, thus it may be profitable for Disney to be close to their consumers. The reasons are as follows: – the existence of trade barriers in the form of tariff quotas, transport costs etc. – on-site provision of the services is an inherent part of the Disney’ business (e. g. recreation facilities) Second, production costs is lower in Hong Kong, the reasons are as follows: – lower wages in developing countries(In Hong Kong Disneyland case, there is cheap labor force flow from Eastern coastal provinces) – better infrastructure and close ties to external input suppliers from mainland China. Third, demand related variables (market potential) China has the world’s largest population and one of the fastest growing economies, which makes it an extremely attractive market for Disney. Disney’s animated characters are popular throughout the country; Mickey Mouse Magazine is the number one children’s magazine in China. According to the statistic in Chinese government, The population under 15 years old child is around 221,640,000 in 2011, which means there is a large market potential in China. (In 2005, it’s a major milestone in their approach to China, with the successful grand opening of Hong Kong Disneyland. This phenomenal new theme park introduces Disney to a broad new audience. ) In theory Disney should be capable of running the park by itself, but the power and influence of the Chinese government is so high that a joint venture seems to be the less risky option . Asia is a complicated market and it usually pays to not only have the government on your side, but to have it as a major investor. It also benefits the venture to have a local partner with deep knowledge of traditions and customs. Thus, from an institutional and cultural point of view the selection of a joint venture was justified. Internalization advantage For Disney, In-house production is more profitable than outsourcing, licensing, etc. The reasons are as follows: – Contractual imperfections induce Disney to exploit its ownership advantage internally rather than licensing its product/process to a third party. To capture coordinating

Cultural Differences And The European Union Politics Essay

Cultural Differences And The European Union Politics Essay The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes a country is what we call culture. Cultural differences have always existed between friends and families, but when it comes to countries their integration and relations can get a little messy. The European Union has always been known not only by its political and economic fusion, but also as a very diverse cultural union between countries. But when it comes to Turkeys integration to this conglomeration of states, cultural problems have become to be a sensitive barrier preventing their fully incorporation. This problem ranges from Turkeys non-European geographical location, its large and poor population affecting the European Unions financial budget to its diverse and complicated culture compared to the Christian-based EUs culture. Turkey is the only pluralist secular democracy in the Muslim world and has always attached great importance to developing its relations with other European countries. Turkish culture has had a profound impact over much of Eastern and Southern Europe becoming the bridge connecting to different continents, Europe and Asia. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ Therefore the question simplifies to; until what extend does Turkeys culture affect its entrance to the European Union? The European Union and its new members The European Union is a coalition of twenty-seven independent states based on the European Communities and founded to enhance political, economic and social co-operation. This union aims peace, prosperity and freedom for its 948 million citizens in a fairer and safer world. EU also aims to create a new economic growth based on regional specialties and the rich diversity of traditions and cultures. Unity is strength; the process of integration has not smothered the different ways of life, traditions and cultures of its peoples (Europa, 2010). The most important objectives of the EU are to establish European citizenship, guarantee freedom, security and justice, encourage economic and social progress and affirm Europe ´s role in the world. Its integration consists of most of Western Europes countries, being Bulgaria and Romania the two last members to enter EU in 2007. In the candidate list still remains Croatia, Former Yugoslavia Republic and Turkey, being this last one the most controversial case in the EU. Moreover, this confederation of countries makes their decision in treaties; known as primary legislation. These laws are decided by the institutional triangle formed by the Council of Ministers, European Parliament and the European commission. They represent the national governments, the people and a body independent of EU governments. One of the most dominant achievements of the EU is the single market and the economic and monetary union. In the other hand, each citizens of the EU has the right to travel, live and work anywhere in Europe. Thanks to the Maastricht Treaty, every citizen of the Union has voice and votes in the local elections of their countries and in the elections to the European Parliament. Every citizen has to feel European with its own culture and education. This is why the EU has a lot of programs to help the people to adapt in the different cultures; We are not bringing together states, we are uniting people, (Monnet, 1952). Turkey and its culture To understand why Turkey has been one of the most controversial cases in the EU, one has to identify its background. Since the beginning its been know that Turkey wanted to be part of European Union. In fact they have 9% of its country inside Europe. Its neighbored to the west with Greece and Bulgaria. This country combines a diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that form their rich and complicated culture. They have been one of the countries that have every extreme of Eastern and Western culture. It all started with the Ottoman system in which they cannot mix with each other and thereby retain separate ethnic and religious identities within the empire. When the empire fell and the Turkish Republic arose they adapted a unitary approach that forced all of the cultures to mix with each other to make the Turkish national and cultural identity. This was a total failure that derived in more separation between the traditional Muslim cultures versus the cosmopolitan modernity of Istanbul. This gap made a collectivist political culture which is defined by fear of disagreement and disharmony, this derivates in citizen more concern as a group and not as individual justice. Furthermore, another aspect in this type of culture is in the way they dealt with conflict. In this case they have a lot of social division and they are suppressed by dominant elites resolving the entire disputes by the acceptance of authority figures. Since the beginning the Republic was well know as a father state, so this would then point to deep commitment of the people to the state, since fathers are often perceived as incapable of wrong-doing especially by their children, or in this case the Turkish civil society. This conflict in cultural differences has become a barrier to its entrance to the EU, so this past decade Turkey has determine itself to change it to a more Polyarchal political culture. This proposes a more predominant tolerance to religious and political values. Even though its not perfect people started to see the change, especially as the Delegation in European Commission (2007) said Concerning human rights and the protection of minorities, the legal framework to fight against torture and ill-treatment is established. When Turkeys political culture can finally assume the full colors of a Polyarchy, the democratic norms of the EU will be deeply and unshakably embedded in the minds of the Turkish people. In addition, taking in mind the Christian-based Europe it is important to establish that Turkeys Muslim predominance makes a very important impact in the culture. The 99.8% of the population is Muslim. They have a secular government but the religion is a really important factor to look at, because their traditions affects in the way people developed and in the form the government acts. It is a really divided society with a lot of really attached ways of seeing things that makes it a really complicated country. Its the fight between the past and the future. These differences existing in one same culture and country have created a series of debates and concerns from the European Unions part, strongly questioning the candidacy of this half-Asian half-European country. Turkey the eternal European Union Candidate? Turkey is considered to be a country divided by two continents, Europe and Asia. It occupies a small part of southeastern Europe, all of the Anatolian Peninsula, and the rest of it is located in the Asian continent. The official negotiations between Turkey and the Union began in October of 2005, considering Turkey at last as a formal possible member of the EU in the future. Turkeys story with the European Union goes back for years. Since 1963, when it was accepted for the first time as an associated member of the European Community, Turkey has tried to become a full member of this twenty-seven states union that comprises the worlds wealthiest and most successful trading bloc. Even though its intentions where known since the beginning, it wasnt until 1987 that Turkey officially applied for a full membership. Although they did not get what they really had in mind, Turkeys application strengthen their relations, meaning with this that efforts to widen relations intensified on both sides and actions to complete the Customs Union in time began again. Further in time, in 1997 one could say that the Costumes Union was functioning acceptably and that it had demonstrated the ability Turkey had to adjust to the EU standards in many areas, but that didnt prevented the commission to cite numerous political issues as pre-conditions for moving forward their relations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ It is easy to imply that EUs claims, saying that all candidates would be evaluated according to the same objective criteria and that there would be no discrimination in their evaluation, made Turkey find the Commissions approach unjust and prejudicial. It wasnt until 2005 that negotiations formally began and have extended until today with different kinds of issues or excuses from the European Commission. This has given hope to some Turks, as Gluf News said in Turkeys European Membership (2008): No one expects this to happen for at least ten years, but there is no denying that this is a significant moment in European history. No country that has started the process of EU accession has ever failed to be granted membership. (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Barriers to Turkeys EU entrance As said before, the relations between Turkey and the EU date back since their application for an association in 1959. The problem of its geographical location is not the only barrier this country is facing when talking about becoming a full-integrated member of the European Union. Some of the arguments against Turkishs membership to the EU include their public opinion progressively turning against EU, arguing that their relations are not based on reciprocity and shared interest. Saying that the EU is known to benefit more than Turkey, seeing from these relations with not established motivation to help Turkey with some of its problems and main worries. Furthermore, Turkeys large and poor population would directly and indirectly be a burden in the financial aspect to the other members, specifically referring to the EU budget, structural funds, flow of Turkish workers, among others. And its important to take in mind that its population would create preference in favor of Turkey in the European Union decision-making, making Turkey, in terms of the number of votes, the second most powerful state. But maybe it can be said that the argument most sensitive centers on the cultural and religious differences existing between Turkey and this agglomeration of states. Cultural and religious mixture is one of the European Union self identities that recognizes and respects variety, but it is well known that Turkeys differences in this subject have been one of the biggest barriers for its entrance. The differences in relations between people and nations and culture can be greater than disparity between groups. Things involved like education, social standing, religion, personality, belief structure, past experiences, affections shown in the home, and countless of other factors affect without doubt human behavior and its relation with other cultures. This specific subject was more and more used as an argument in opposition to Turkeys integration into an organized Europe since at least 1987, when Turkey, already an associate member, made the application for full membership of the European Community. This community, in the direction of a political unit with common democratic decision-making, as the European Union expressed, was based on common decisions according to values. With this it can be said that values are indispensable components of culture. The more cultural diversity there is in an association, the bigger probability there will be that either decisions dont get made or minorities get outvoted by majorities creating with this more problems. Therefore, the importance does not relay on how values, norms or goals are formulated but in the functional performance of the institutions dealing with them. Integrating a different social system is not only an incorporation of norms but also an integration of organizations. When talking about culture, one can say its known as an accessory of a society. Since this twenty-seven state community is not a society but more of an institution of states that represent different societies, it would be a mistake to speak of a culture in the strict sense of the word. One could rather think of a cultural area, maybe Christian-occidental, which linking it to a particular social system must not be done. The Muslim preponderance in Turkey has complicated and slowed down the action process, even though their presence is in the whole Europe, still some argue that given Turkeys Muslim character, Turkey is not even European at all. As R. Michel said (2005): Beneath the thin veneer of the European-identity argument is a deep-seated but seldom acknowledged belief among the European elite that Muslims cannot be fully European. Therefore the performances in music, poetry and arts, is not only what culture includes, but also the circumstances of everyday life. The difference will exist and be noticed, especially in the areas where religious norms and traditions have their impact on everyday life. But, according to the Turks, these are not always extremely important. Discussing Turkishs membership to the EU with reference to cultural and religious factors, it is important to notice that Turkey is known as a secular country, as in a strict separation of religious and states affairs. However, Turkey is not the same as the rest secular countries, saying that the separation concerning the state and religion exist, but the religion is under the control of the government. On the other hand, it is important to emphasize that including Turkey to the process of incorporation to Europe will constitute an answer to one of the most well-known global problems now a days: Islam can co-exist with democracy and secularism. Giving out not only a global message, but also one that would be favorable for the immigrant population that forms the minorities in several EU states. In addition, the human rights record that Turkey has had is another question that has risen regarding to its incision. Turkey, because of its Muslim yet secular standards, has to answer about human rights abuses in the form of inadequate vision of womens rights, unequal rights to the minority Kurds, and even nationalistic legislation of the Turkish Penal Code that reprimands people for insulting Turkishness. Consequently, in views of the tremendous efforts undertaken by the Turkish Government and society to adapt to European standards in all aspects, there is an expectation that in some time an irreversible step towards EU membership will be taken. They state that their society is ready to embrace Europe and that the fact that the ties between Turks living in Europe have helped the mentality in Turkey to change. And finally, besides of all the mess between cultural problems and their entrance to the EU; Turkey would become a bridge between East and West, between Islam and Christianity, between different cultures and civilizations. This country will become an inspiration for all the Muslims in the west, that they have been pushed away by Europe. So in fact it would be a great revelation for the whole world because of the disparity of culture. Its a gun that can backfire, because Europe has always been the rulers above cultures, so giving space in the EU to a Muslim country would change this entire image, and can make them in some way to loose power. To sum up, cultural differences have come to be known as one of the biggest barriers to Turkeys entrances to the EU. Its religion based, traditional and in ways dominant culture have created a fear of cultural disparities in Europeans. Conclusion Once analyzed the different positions that Turkey has played as a EU candidate and the long list of demands this conglomeration of states has asked, it poses a big question mark on the sincerity of the EU about accepting Turkey as a member. None of the member states were given such a long list of ever lasting demands that are not part of the original list of criteria. Given these complicated issues, it seems that many of the EU member states have no intention of embracing Turkey as a member. Having Turkey as a member of the EU offers a vital opportunity to start the process of understandement and support the potentially serious cultural diversity along religious lines; and will decrease the future global problems. In so many ways it would be a factor de win-win but also loose, because the EU need ´s Turkey ´s handwork and borders but they dont need to bring more cultural problems to de EU members. If they accept them they will have to make a full recognition of its multi-cultural diversity and find a way to make them homogeneous. Therefore, Turkish people already in the EU will have a big role to play in this process because they represent the cultural diversity. So the European Union will have to confront and encourage the area of national identity and intercultural relations. As Stephen Twigg (2005) said, the effects of Turkish immigration into the EU are a part of the Unions future. There is no going back to an imagined mono-cultural past that tries to submerge immigrant communities into some imagined pure and homogenous cultural identity As said before and to summarize this, if the European Union really wishes Turkeys future integration its tolerance for cultural diversity and acceptance should be open and acquiescent enough to let this country join its close and exclusive group.

The Cost Of Buying A Used Car Essay -- essays research papers

The Cost Of Buying A Used Car   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This project has been put together to show the cost of buying and using a used car for one year. To show the different costs for cars I have made a chart on a later page. First, though, It probably would be good to tell a little about used cars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Used cars are, for some, a good investment. The used car is good for cheap transportation, and fun. Used cars also have many different uses besides just driving around. Some people buy used cars so they can restore them, while other people buy used cars for their children to drive. While still others get used cars for spare parts. The point is that used cars are good for many different people, for many different reasons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people like to own new cars and so they get rid of their old cars to make room for the new car. This proves very useful for the person that cannot afford a new car. Unfortunately, the used car is rarely in perfect condition, and can sometimes require some minor repair. Of course, one can't expect to find a great used car that does not cost more then a car in worse condition, but this is to be expected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When one goes to buy a used car they should look for some key things, before buying the car:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Check the car's interior thoroughly. Was the car kept clean all this time or was it neglected? Is it up to what would be par?   &n...

Cox Enterprises Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Cox Enterprises Media Corporations in the Global Marketplace Cox Enterprises, Inc. (CEI) is an Atlanta-based media conglomerate that has ties into nearly all media forms today. Since the founding of Cox Enterprises by James M. Cox in 1898, CEI has been established as a media staple through newspapers, radio, television, cable, telephone, and Internet communications . As of 2000, Cox Enterprises was ranked seventh in AdAge’s â€Å"100 Leading Media Companies† . Cox Enterprises is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is currently being led by Chairman and Chief Executive Officer James C. Kennedy, the grandson of James M. Cox. Cox Enterprises ,Inc. is the parent company for Cox Communications, Inc., Cox Interactive Media, Inc., Cox Newspapers, Inc., Cox Radio, Inc., Cox Television, and Manheim Auctions, Inc . Since James Kennedy became the CEO for Cox Enterprises in 1988, revenues have increased from $1.8 billion to more than $7.8 billion in 2000 . The public trading of both Cox Communications and Cox Radio since the company takeover by Kennedy has resulted in a respectable market capitalization of $27 billion and $2.4 billion. The establishment of Cox Enterprises began in 1898 when James M. Cox purchased the Dayton Evening News in Ohio . Prior to the success of Cox’s media career, he ran and lost against Warren G. Harding in the 1920 Presidential election. Upon losing the election, Cox decided to return to Ohio and focus on his media business. In 1934, he...

My Room :: Descriptive Essay Examples, narrative

My Room A secluded island with warm sandy beaches, a sunset over high cropped mountains, or the beauty and serenity of silence in a magnificent forest. A special place could as extravagant as those or as simple as your favorite cozy chair. They reach out with much more than picturesque or comfort qualities. Some of our dearest memories happen to us in these places. Maybe it is because of the comfort we find there, the connections we have that make us feel a certain way, or is it because they add to our identities. They become a vital part of who we are. We could not function properly if that place were to suddenly disappear. You are definitely more likely to go out and do something that you enjoy because you will get more out of it. We need to have happy places and joyous thoughts. Without either of them, I believe, that the world would fall apart. Everyone would become so overly stressed out that the world would be full of more violence than there is now. My room is meaningful to me because it was not always my room. It was my sisters first. Lisa is now married and pregnant. I remember all of the times that I spent in her room. How we used to play cards and watch movies on the weekends. All of our traditions. The Advent and Christmas season is when we had our most special traditions. Every Christmas Eve we would watch "It's a Wonderful Life" and "Meet me in St. Louis" before we would go to midnight mass. She would always ask me if I had a room of my own. Of course I always told her no. A few times she would try to throw me out, but it never worked. Although I annoyed her sometimes she was the one person that I could tell anything too. She listened intently to all of my stupid questions and would try her hardest to answer them. We always stuck together when trouble surfaced. I would comfort her when she had boy trouble and she made sure that I was okay when our grandparents died so closely together. I guess I love my room more now sinc e I have all of these wonderful memories in it. Boy if those walls could talk. I really miss her and the times that we shared.

Cpoe for Emory Healthcare

Business Case NEU Consulting Group Prepared by: Kuan-ling Chiu Wenjie Xie Executive Summary This business case outlines how the CPOE Project will address current business concerns, the benefits of the project, and recommendations and justification of the project. The business case also discusses detailed project goals, performance measures, assumptions, and constraints. 1 Issue Since the perception of patient safety has arisen, many medical organizations were striving to improve medication safety.Emory Healthcare, the largest and most comprehensive health care system in Georgia, was one of them who were seeking ways to prevent medication errors. In recent years, some highly influential studies revealed that medical errors occurred in inpatient and outpatient settings at alarmingly high rates. Researchers point out approximately 1. 3 million injuries occurred annually to patients in U. S. hospitals, at a high percentage of which were at least partially due to errors in patient managem ent.In the Emory Healthcare, physicians place orders by writing them on an orders sheet attached to the patient chart or they would call a nurse and ask him/her to write the orders on the order sheet. Orders are paper-based or just by verbalization. Furthermore, medication orders ordered by radiology technicians or phlebotomists would be carried out by a unit clerk who is responsible for to fax or scan and then sent orders directly to the pharmacy. Such paper-driven work is not efficient and prone to errors; without standardization, physicians carry no responsibility for orders, which is critical and directly points to medical errors.It was calculated that 37% of the patient cases had medication treatment fault in the Emory Healthcare because of its paper-driven prescription process  which is prone to error. Around 9%  of injuries were  partially  due to  inaccurate medical order  input. Furthermore, 60% of the patients were not satisfied with their  treatment. 2 Antic ipated Outcomes In order to prevent medical errors and improve order accuracy, the suggestion of implement CPOE (Computerized Provider Order Entry) has surfaced.CPOE will establish order standard and let physicians write orders electronically and directly, thus prevent order inaccuracy. Furthermore, paper-driven work will be eliminated and replaced by electronic process. Computerized processing will improve efficiency of workflow, accuracy of input and reduce cost. Ultimately, all physician orders will be standardized, electronic and traceable. Thus, medical errors caused by human negligence will be reduced to minimum. 3 RecommendationVarious options and alternatives were analyzed to determine the best way to improve physician order processes and reduce the error and cost. The recommended CPOE project will methodically migrate the physician orders and the patient records of current mainframe system to the new computer-based platform in order to preserve data integrity. The new compu ter-based platform will improve the efficiency and accuracy of managing orders and records. The project will achieve its desired results: †¢ Physicians will directly enter orders electronically by standardized requirements. The system will check the orders and alert the users with inappropriate entries. †¢ Orders will be saved and can be accessed immediately. Orders and patient records are traceable and easy to obtain. †¢ The system will provide users with alerts and guides of best practice, duplicate, drug interactions when assigning prescription or orders. Business Case Analysis Team The following individuals comprise the business case analysis team. They are responsible for the analysis and creation of the Emory Healthcare Project business case. Role |Description |Name/Title | |Executive Sponsor |Provide executive support for the project |A, White | |Technical Lead |Provides all technology support for the project |E, Chen, Technical Lead | |Process Improvement |Adv ises team on process improvement techniques |Leland Choi, Process Team Lead | |Project Manager |Manages the business case and project team |B Brown, Project Manager | |Software Support |Provides all software support for the project |Jack Xie, Software Group Lead | Problem Definition 1 Problem Statement In the 1980s and 1990s, researchers point out approximately 1. 3 million injuries occurred annually to patients in U. S. ospitals, 69% of which were at least partially due to errors in patient management. In 2000, the Institute of Medicine published a report that concluded that more people died each year from preventable errors in hospitals than from car accidents, breast cancer, or AIDS. Medical errors caused by human oversight are the main issue inside Emory Healthcare. In 1986, it was calculated that 37% of the patient cases had medication treatment fault. The problems are due to the lack of standard for orders by physicians. Physicians would place orders by hand writing, and then they would call a nurse and ask him/her to write the orders on the order sheet. Orders are paper-based or just by verbalization.Such paper-driven work that without standardization is not efficient and prone to errors. Moreover, physicians carry no responsibility for orders, which is critical and directly points to medical errors. During the last five years, 60% of the patients were not satisfied with their treatment. Furthermore, works driven by paper are costive and time-consuming. 2 Organizational Impact The CPOE project will impact the Emory Health Care in different aspects. The following provides a high-level explanation of how the organization, tools, process, and roles. Tools: COPE project mainly focuses on designing a new system to improve the accuracy rate of order entry.The system will also enhance the function of dealing emergency situation. This will require training both physicians and nurses to manipulate the new system. A tutorial function also includes in the applicat ion to make employee adapt the system quickly. Processes: with CPOE Project comes more efficient and controlled by physicians. Physicians have more jobs to do within the whole procedure. Before the CPOE, new medication reconciliation will be placed after the communication between the doctor and the nurse. Now physicians should be able to place the order by themselves and send them to the providers directly. Nurse’s job is only to take care of inpatients.Roles and Responsibilities: the CPOE project provides greater power to physicians and fewer burdens on nurses. The number of clerks will decrease sharply because now physicians can send orders to the providers directly. The middle layer is useless with this condition. IT department should provide more solutions to help employees be familiar with the new system. More training sessions should be taken place for employees who are unwilling to accept the system update. The new platform needs more computers and an appropriate datab ase to support the system operation. Thus, the financial department should set up new budget for the new equipment required.Hardware/Software: in addition to the computers and licenses for the project, NEU Consultant team will be required to purchase additional servers and database to accommodate the platform and its anticipated growth for the next 5 years. 3 Technology Migration In order to effectively make employees be familiar with the computerized provider order entry system, a phased method has been designed which will result in minimal disruption to day to day operations, administration, and payroll activities. The following is the high-level overview of the system. Phase I: Hardware/Software (including database, servers and new computers) will be purchased for new system.IT department staff will response for the configuration of back end equipment. Phase II: All employees will receive training on the new system. Depending on different roles, they will get diverse learning ses sions. For example, physicians will learn how to place prescriptions and medication reconciliation. Nurse will study how to allocate patients room and update patients’ status. Phase III: System might be altering depending on employees’ reflections to make the system be manipulated easily. NEU consulting group will provide strong support in this period. Phase IV: The new system will go live and the older pattern of hand-written entry will be stood down. Project OverviewThe CPOE Project overview provides detail for how this project will address Emory Healthcare business problem. The overview consists of a project description, goals and objectives for the CPOE Project, project performance criteria, project assumptions, constraints, and major milestones. As the project is approved and moves forward, each of these components will be expanded to include a greater level of detail in working toward the project plan. 1 Project Description The purpose of this project is to imple ment Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) across Emory Healthcare. Computerized Provider Order Entry is a computer application that is used by physicians to enter diagnostic and therapeutic patient care orders.In most cases these orders are communicated electronically to the departments and personnel responsible for carrying them out, either by directly connecting to specific departmental computer systems that execute the order (such as laboratory or pharmacy systems), or by staff printing out the orders in the appropriate locations for execution. For CPOE applications electronically connected to departmental systems, confirmation of the order and the following result (in the case of tests) are transmitted back to the ordering physician. There are three major deliverables associated with this project. †¢ A consolidated and standardized Order Sets to facilitate CPOE that are evidence based †¢ 100% CPOE Compliance across the organization.Physicians will enter in real-tim e, all orders directly into CPOE system thereby eliminating transcription and the use of third-person (i. e. Nurses etc. ) to enter orders into patients’ electronic health records: Lab, Imaging, Consult, Nutrition, Medications, Patient Care. †¢ Decision Support Alerts – alerts to guide best practice, duplicate, drug interactions etc. Provide rules and alerts to guide healthcare decisions Alerts for drug interactions, dosage and adverse event Online help for alerts 2 Goals and Objectives The goal of this project is to implement the Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE SYSTEM) at Emory Healthcare in order to facilitate the full use of Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) throughout the hospital.It is expected that Emory Healthcare will realize benefits in improved clinical diagnostic capabilities and clinical workflow processes as a result of the implementation of CPOE. Implementation of CPOE addresses a number of key requirements for achieving meaningful use of their Electronic Health Record per the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Also, implementation of CPOE will lay the foundation for enabling additional clinical functionality through the implementation of additional modules such as, Clinical Alerts and other models. A number of other clinical initiatives must be completed in order to achieve full COE functionality including Care Plans, Order Sets and Process Mapping.It is important to realize that the implementation of CPOE is an ongoing performance improvement initiative that will require ongoing enhancements and refinements in order to accommodate the changing of information system healthcare environment. This includes workflow refinements, additional order sets, and training process The CPOE Project directly supports several of the corporate goals and objectives established by NEU Consulting group. The following are the business goals and objectives that the CPOE Project supports and how it supports them: Goals: †¢ I mproved clinical decision making as a result of timely access to historical patient information at the point of care (existing medications, lab results, allergies) †¢ Reduce number of adverse events as a result of clinical ordering errors †¢ Reduced patient length of stay Improved clinical decision making as a result of timely access to clinical order information at the point of care (historical orders, interactions and conflicts) †¢ Reduction in costs and manual effort associated with manual ordering process †¢ Improvements in workflow processes for ordering tests and transmitting †¢ The ability to access patient order information throughout the hospital and from remote locations †¢ Obtain information that can provide reports about productivity and performance metrics †¢ High physician and patient satisfaction †¢ Reduce / elimination of paper orders †¢ Reduce chance of clinical errors through the use of order validation and checking Obje ctives: †¢ To provide emergency alert in order to monitor patient’s real-time status. †¢ To reduce order processing time by 25%. †¢ To increase order entry accuracy to 98%. To reduce medication turnaround time by 60% †¢ To provide alert function for physicians when writing orders or prescription. †¢ To standardize physician orders and patient records. †¢ To cut the clerk’s department in order to save transaction time. †¢ To transform hand written patient records into digital records by 95%. 3 Project Assumptions The following assumptions apply to the WP Project. As project planning begins and more assumptions are identified, they will be added accordingly. †¢ The core implementation team will consist of key resources from Emory Healthcare. This team will collaborate in order to coordinate the project activities between their organizations. The implementation team will have access to the areas within the hospital where they need t o work †¢ The implementation team will have cooperation from the Emory Healthcare staff as necessary but with the intention that disruption will be minimal †¢ Resource requirements and costs for ongoing system support will be agreed upon by Emory Healthcare and NEU Consulting group during the initial phase of the project †¢ Emory Healthcare resources will be available as needed †¢ Regular review of project status will occur and be communicated through communication plan †¢ Client will attend the required training 4 Project Constraints The following constraints apply to the CPOE Project. As project planning begins and more constraints are identified, they will be added accordingly. †¢ Dependencies of CPOE Vendor delivery and order of module upgrades and installations †¢ Resource availability (IT, non IT, and vendor) †¢ Budgets: The total cost of the project should be done under the budget approved by the board of directors and make sure to cont rol the cost not exceed the budget of each year. Schedule: Fully operational in 3 years †¢ Quality: CPOE system and process improvement service shall meet all quality standards and client’s requirements. 5 Selected Approach Various options and alternatives were analyzed to determine the best way to improve physician order processes and reduce the error and cost. The selected CPOE project will methodically migrate the physician orders and the patient records of current mainframe system to the new computer-based platform in order to preserve data integrity. The new computer-based platform will improve the efficiency and accuracy of managing orders and records. The project will achieve its desired results: Physicians will directly enter orders electronically by standardized requirements. †¢ The system will check the orders and alert the users with inappropriate entries. †¢ Orders will be saved and can be accessed immediately. Orders and patient records are traceab le and easy to obtain. †¢ The system will provide users with alerts and guides of best practice, duplicate, drug interactions when assigning prescription or orders. 6 Major Project Milestones The following are the major project milestones identified at this time. As the project planning moves forward and the schedule is developed, the milestones and their target completion dates will be modified, adjusted, and finalized as necessary to establish the baseline schedule. Milestones/Deliverables | Target Date | |Contract / Board Authorization |12/10/2012 | |Project Management Plan approval |05/05/2013 | |System Implementation Kick off |05/27/2013 | |Functional review |06/05/2013 | |Hardware technical design |10/20/2013 | |Order and receive hardware and software |11/17/2013 | |System implementation complete (software) |03/10/2014 | |Database design and configuration complete |07/20/2014 | |System installation (hardware and software) |09/09/2014 | |Complete test plan |09/22/2014 | |Test and enable network connectivity |01/20/2015 | |System testing complete |04/25/2015 | |Nurse, Pharmacy documentation preparation and training |07/14/2015 | |Physician documentation preparation and training |07/18/2015 | |System maintenance plan complete |10/25/2015 | |System on live |01/01/2016 | |System maintenance start |01/01/2016 | Cost and Saving Analysis The following two tables capture the cost associated with the CPOE Project, descriptions of these actions, and the total associated with the cost item for CPOE project. CPOE Ongoing Cost – Estimate Cost Item |Action Type |Description |Cost | |Hardware and Software |Cost |Application Software Maintenance |$150,000 | | | |Third-Party Software maintenance | | | | |Workstation Maintenance | | |Network |Cost |LAN maintenance |$35,000 | | | |Network Monitoring equipment | | |Staff required to support CPOE |Cost |Pharmacy analyst |$60,000 | | | |CPOE Project Manager | | | | |Clinical Programmer/builder | | | | | Additional Help Desk Support Network/equipment support | | | | |staff | | |Others |Cost |None IT Resources |$100,000 | |Net Cost | | |$345,000 | CPOE One-Time Cost – Estimate |Cost Item |Action Type |Description |Cost | |Hardware and Software |Cost |Application License Cost (CPOE, Scanning software etc. |$1,000,000 | | | |Third party software license costs | | | | |Workstations/Printers | | |Network |Cost |Install Wireless LAN |$450,000 | | | |Upgrade to LAN/Wireless | | | | |Networking monitoring equipment | | |Implementation |Cost |Vendor cost |$155,000 | | | |Consultant cost | | | | |Travel cost | | | | |Outsource staff cost | | |Internal Project teams |Cost |IT Management |$300,000 | | | |Project Manager | | | | |Analyst | | | | |Technical staff | | |Training |Cost |Vendor cost |$30,000 | | | |Consultant cost | | | | |NurseTraining | | | | |Physician Training | | | | |Other Training | | |Net Cost | | |$1,935,000 | CPOE Ongoing/one time saving Emory Heal thcare has saved approximately &270,000 annually through elimination of transcription cost and increased radiology revenues by over $300,000 annually through better capture of documentation with CPOE. Alternatives Analysis The following alternative options have been considered to address the business problem. These alternatives were not selected for a number of reasons which are also explained below. No Project (Status Quo) |Reasons For Not Selecting Alternative | |Keep the origin mainframe legacy system |Newly computerized system can improve the efficiency of work | | |CPOE definitely reduces errors | | |The new system provides the real time function which solves | | |emergency situation | | |Cut off middle layer in order to save processing time | |Alternative Option |Reasons For Not Selecting Alternative | |Outsource the implementation to two different companies in |Hardly meets the requirements of Emory Healthcare. | |order to short development cycle. |Difficult to communicat e between two companies. | |High cost to support two cycles. | |Alternative Option |Reasons For Not Selecting Alternative | |Develop software internally |Lack of qualified resources especially not enough developers | | |Lack of expertise to guarantee the security of the system. | | |Huge cost for the cycle of developing | | |Schedule restricts developing time. |

Poetry Slam Essay

On my visit to Bar13 I was instructed to watch a poetry slam. I have never experience such a vivid art of performing poetry. The only way I had experienced poetry before was by reading it from books. This has change the way I see poetry now. The poetry slam is a very competitive event in which the poets perform their work. The poets are judged by people of the audience. The host, who was pregnant, selected the judges who were instructed to give a numerical score (the score being 0 – 10). The score was based on the poets’ content and performance. I was a little hesitant when the host asked me to be a judge. Since this was the first time, I was scared that I wasn’t going to be a fair judge. The host explained to me the basic rules for the contest and how the poets are selected. The first rule one is that each poem must be the poet’s own work. The second is that each poet gets only three minutes to read or say the poem. The third is that they can’t use any musical instrument or costumes and the fourth and last one is that from the score the poets receive the high and low scores are dropped and the middle three are added together giving them a total score of 0 – 30. Before the contest started the microphone was open to other poets. In my opinion there were a couple of poets who were good. After the opening performance was done, the host presented a poet who has competed before. Her name was Gypsee. She performed for about 45 minutes, the content of her work was very good and her performance was excellent. I think she has practice a lot. I remember clearly two of her poems. One talked about crossing the Canadian bridge into the United States as an immigrant (she was born in Albania). The second one was about her childhood and soldiers with shotguns. During the slam there was different kind of poetry. It was very interesting to listen to a diverse range of work within the slam. It included love poetry, social issues, personal problems and even some were kind of comic. What I really like was the range of poets presented; they are free to do work in any style on any subject. I will recommend it to my friends and I would like to go back, it was a nice experience.